What are the most common types of mould?

Some moulds can be toxic, while others are perfectly harmless. But what are the most common types of mould that you should be looking out for?

If you’ve found mould in your home, it's important to determine exactly what kind of mould it is. Some moulds can be toxic, while others are perfectly harmless. But what are the most common types of mould?

Moulds aren’t animals, but they’re not plants either. They’re organisms that are part of the fungi kingdom. Unlike plants, moulds don’t get their energy from the sun – in fact, sunlight’s ultra violet rays inhibit mould growth.

The main requirement mould needs to flourish is moisture. Mould can be found growing just about anywhere, as long as there’s enough of a moisture source. Other factors like oxygen and organic materials provide it with the nutrients it needs to thrive.

1. Allergenic
Allergenic moulds aren’t usually life-threatening but do pose a problem to individuals with allergies or asthma. The tricky thing is determining which mould exactly is triggering the reaction. Children tend to be especially susceptible to allergies to mould.

2. Pathogenic
Pathogenic moulds produce an infection dangerous to those whose immune systems are weak or compromised. This mould type may cause hypersensitivity pneumonitis, an acute response resembling bacterial pneumonia. One example of a pathogenic mould is Aspergillus fumigatus, which can grow in the lungs of those with compromised immune systems.

3. Toxigenic
Toxigenic moulds produce mycotoxins that will make anyone sick. Reactions range from immune suppression to cancer. Mycotoxins are chemical toxins present within or on the surface of the mould spore, which can affect the body through inhalation, ingestion, or touch.

1. Alternaria
Alternaria mould is commonly found in your mouth, nose, and upper respiratory tracts, and can cause allergic responses.

2. Aspergillus
Typically found in warm, damp climates, Aspergillus is a common occupant of house dust. Unfortunately, this mould produces mycotoxins, which are poisonous chemical compounds, causing lung infections and aspergillosis.

3. Cladosporium

Cladosporium is an extremely common outdoor fungus that can migrate indoors and grow on textiles, woods, and other damp, porous materials, triggering hay fever and asthma symptoms.

4. Penicillium
A common mould species found on wallpaper, carpet, decaying fabrics, and more, penicillium is known for causing allergies and asthma. Some species, such as penicillin, produce mycotoxins.

5. Stachybotrys
Ever heard those scary two words: Black mould? Well, that’s what this is. This type of mould produces mycotoxins that can cause serious breathing difficulties and bleeding in your lungs. This mould is commonly found on wood or paper.