Warning signs: what you should know about black, maroon and bright red stools

When your body speaks, it is wise to listen. Although we don't usually look at our stools, it is good for our health to take a glance - especially if our stools are suspiciously-coloured and accompanied by unusual or painful symptoms. Below are four warning signs to keep in mind.

Black or tarry stools

• These type of stools may be accompanied by a burning in the stomach and esophagus. They can also indicate an ulcer in the upper gastrointestinal tract. See your doctor, who may order an endoscopy for further visual inspection or take tissue samples for a biopsy.

Maroon or black stools

• With no other worrisome symptoms, consuming certain foods such black licorice, blueberries, lead, iron pills, tomatoes or beets may make your stool turn maroon or black.  Stop eating these foods to see if the colour of your stool returns to normal. If it does not, call your doctor.  Also notify your doctor if you've ingested lead or iron.

Maroon or bright red stools accompanied by pain and pressure while moving your bowels

•  These type of stools may be an indication of anal fissures (small tears around the anus) or hemorrhoids (swollen blood vessels near the rectum that can rupture).  Over-the-counter hemorrhoid creams, ointments or pads may bring relief. Surgery may be necessary for persistent hemorrhoids. If bleeding continues, see your doctor.

Maroon or bright red stools accompanied by discomfort in the lower abdomen and other GI symptoms, such as gas, constipation, diarrhea or pain

• This is a possible indication of serious conditions such as Ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, Diverticular disease, a tumour or benign or cancerous polyps. See your doctor, who may order diagnostic tests such as a colonoscopy, biopsy, ultrasound or x-rays,  and may refer you to a gastroenterologist for follow-up and treatment.

Contact your doctor if you notice a change in the colouring of your stools. Do not brush it off or disregard any unusual symptoms.  If there is an issue, it will be easier to treat if it is identified early on.